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A. M. POLSEY.

Nail Machine.

No. 60,056. Patented Nov. 27,4866.

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A.4 MI4 POLSEY. y 3 Sheets-Sheet 3.

Nail Machine.

N6. 60,056. Patented Nov. 2,7, 1866.

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glatten tstrs ntrnt @Hita IMPROVEMENT IN MACHINES FOB. MAKING NAILS. i

ARLoN M. PoLSnY, or BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSieNoP. To Ti. n. FULLER."

Letters Patent No. 60,056, dated November 27, 1866.

' SPECIFICATION- TO ALL WHOM IT MAY CGNCERN: I

`:Be it known that I, A. M. POLSEY, of Boston, in the county ofSu`olk,`and Stateof Massachusetts, have invented anvimproved Machine forRolling Nails; and I do hereby declare that the following, taken incounection with the `drawings which accompany and form part of thisspecifica-tion, is a description of my invention su'icient to enablethose skilled in the art to practise it.

This invention relates to the described arrangement of two or more pairsof peculiarly constructed rolling dies, adapted to the purpose ofdrawing and shaping headed blanks o f suitable form into nails by theoperation of rolling the Shanks or bodies of said blanks. l

It consistsA in arranging and operating Yeach pair `of a series of pairsof rolling` dies having the peculiar-ity hereinafter set forth, withreference to the other pairs of the series, so that a nail blank with aformed head thereupon shall have its sides and edges acted onalternately, without turning the blank on its axis, and so that it shallbe passed onward, head foremost, by each pair of l:rolling dies, and`shall be, by them delivered by the head into the enlargement of thedie-formed recess, and subjected to the action of the die formations intlienext succeeding pair by which the blank is seized before beingreleased by the preceding pair, and so on through the seriesA of pairs.Where the articleto be drawn and shaped is substantially rectangular incross-section, each pair of rolling dies is placed at right angles tothe pair which next succeeds in the drawing and shaping operation; butthis invention is not confined, however, exclusively` to suchright-angled arrangement, for if the article to be drawn and shaped isof other form of cross-section, the pairs of roller dies may be placedat such angles with relation to the other pairs of the series as willact successively ori-the different sides orfaccs of the article, itbeing suiiicient in this respect for the embodiment of my invention thattwo or more pairslof rolling dies' shall be placed at angles with eachother having the necessary relation to the form of the article to b edrawn and u shaped by rolling, when such pairs of rolling dies have therecessed provision for the head upon the blank to be rolled, in additionto the 'forming or shaping part of the dies, and act to positively passor feed onward from one pair to the other the article in the mannerbefore stated, and operate en its different faces to cause it toapproximate more and more nearly to the shape desired `at eachsuccessive passagec1 through the` pairs of rolling dies, and withoutturning the article on its axis, as practised in drawing and Vshaping bysuccessivepasses through a series of die grooves made in one pair ofrolls.

The drawings represent a machine embodying my invention, and adapted tothe purpose of reducing, by drawing and shaping in rolling dies, blankssimilar to those shown on sheet 1, iig. 5, to such iinishedluails as areshown in ig.- 6. i i 1 Figure 1 of the drawings shows mymachine inplan.A

Figure 2 exhibits it ,in vertical longitudinal section taken through theline z z, iig 1'; and

Figures 3 and 4 are partial elevations of opposite sides of the machineillustrating a system of gearing the rolling dies together.

The rolling dies, a a, are mounted in suitable half boxes, b, sustainedon the cross-pieces, c, of the cheeks, d,

of the mill, which rise from the bed-plate, e, on which are secured thebearings, f, of the shaft, z', arranged to. be

`driven at right angles to the shaft, g. By means of intermediate gears,plainly shown in figs. 1, 2, and 3all of the pairs of the rolling dies,a a, are rotated, all turning inward and downward, so that when a nailblank like :that seen in tig. 5 is taken by its head into the grip ofthe enlargement of the die grooves, made in the upper pair of rollingdies, it is passed in a right line, Without turning, directly throughall of the series of pairs of rolling dies, they acting alternately onthe sides and Yedges of the nail ,blank till it falls vfrom the lastpair of ,f

dies out of the machine at the bottom in a. inished condition, and ofthe form shown in fig. 6. The operation of the machine may be made verynearly continuous, for a new blank may be fed into the upper pair ofrolling dies as soon as the die grooves therein are so presented intheir rotation as that they can receive a new blank, and after havingdischarged the blank previously received, so that it will be obviousthat -n a machine made of several pairs of rolling dies, several blanksmay be in the process of reduction to nails, all passing in successionthrough the machine at the same time. In the manufacture of nails bythis machine, it is intended thatthe p blank shall be cut or punchedfrom a suitably rolled plate with its head of the exact size and formdesired, and with its body requiring no more rediiction than can bepractically obtained by cold rolling. But it will be evident, however,that the blank may be heated.,- and rolled in machine in that condition,in which case the shank or body of the blank will not need to be formedwith so near an approximation@ the finished nail.

It is unnecessary herein to describe minutely the forms given to the diegrooves in each successive pair of the series/of pairs of dies. Itissuiiicient to say that the grooves should be so formed in all the diesas to receive easily the heads of such blanks as are to have theirbodies reduced, and that in the first pair of rolling dies the body ofthe blank sliall be slightly drawn, and so on through the series ofpairs, each pair contributing l to the drawing 'and shaping of the shankor body part of the nail, but not changing materially, if at all, theshape of the head, and th'c last pair giving the iinished shape betweensaid pairs of the series the reduction of the blank toward the finalfinished form of the nail should be performed in as nearly equal degreesby each of the pairs of rolling dies as possible. Part of thearrangement of the rolling dies included i'ri thegist of my invention,is the matter of their size and distance apart relative to the length ofthe blank, and to the lengthv ofthe finished article produced therefrom,which matter may be stated as follows: The size ofth'e last pair ofrolling dies must be suilicient to admit of thesinking, in .the surfacesthereof, the parts of a die groove of a length not less than thatdesired for the finished article, and the size should be such as toadmit of a die groove longer than the intended length of the finishedarticle, so as to receive any surplus metal which may happen to exist inthe body of the blank. And while the size and surface of the last pairof rolling dies shouldI be as stated, it

-is necessary to have the sizes and locations of the rst and succeedingpairs, such that the partially rolled article will reach from the diegrooves of one pair into the die grooves of the next succeeding pair, sothat the head of each nail will be seized in the enlargements of the diegroovesof each succeedinglpair, before the grooves of the preceding pairrelinquish their hold upon the shank thereof, this insuring the absolutemechanical deliveryof each partially rolled blank from one pair ofrolling dies to the pair that next succeeds in the operation. It isdesirable, in the practiceof my invention, that ,the rolling dies shallso move as to exert a. slight tensile strain on the metal lof the piecebeing rolled,between the points where any two adjacent pairs of dies areperforming their'- rollingoperation. Each pair of the rolling dies mustbe so adjusted with respect to the action upon the blank ofthe pairimmediately preceding, that said preceding pair shall deliver the headof the blank into the enlargement of the die grooves made for itsreception in the succeeding pair. This adjustment being made throughoutthe series of pairs, each pair of rolling dies is caused to revolveisochronously with all of the other pairs. The function of theenlargements of the die grooves is not merely to receive the'head, so asto render it possible to roll the shanks of headed blanks by passingthem directly through a series of pairs of rolling dies, but is also toobtain, by the interlocking of the heads of the blanks in the recessesor enlargementsv of the die grooves, such a. h'old of the rolling diesupon the blanks as shall lessen the chances of the slipping of the diesupon the blanks, and to facilitate'and render certain the transfer ofthe blanks from one pair of roller dies to another, and the passage ofeach blank through the machine. The arrangements for the adjustment ofthe rolling dies, and for their removal from the cheeks of the machine,are not of the essence of my invention, andare clearly enough shown bythe drawings to enable any commonly skilled mechanic to understand themwithout further description; l but by having means for adjustment of thepairs of die rolls so that the centres of each rolling die of any pairmay beforced toward each other, or may be allowed lto separate provisionis made for elongating the nail blank,

more or less, within limited degrees, by any pair or pairs of die rolls,and use may be made of this provision to secure harmonious working ofthe mill, and to compensate in some degree for defects in otheradjustments of the parts, and in the workmanshiprthereof. Y

I am aware of John Wottons patent, of August 29th, 1854, in which areshown two pairs of rolling dies arranged to deliver, or to positivelyfeed the article wrought thereby, from one to the other pair. Thisarrangement, broadly, I do not claim, and consider myl invention aslimited to a. machine which, while arrangedand operating like Wottons,in shaping and feeding, has the further provision for thev reception offormed heads in nail or other similar blanks, this provision giving mymachine capacities not possessed by the one referred to. In the patentto Milton'D. Whipple,and elsewhere, I am aware that rolling dieshavevbeen shown, having enlargements in the die grooves capable ofreceiving formed heads upon blanks, the bodies of which are to be drawn.But in the cases referred to the arrangement of the rolling dies, as tosize or diameter, and the distances apart of the .centres of the severalpairs, are such that the blank in passing from one pair to another ofthe series is freed from the control of any of the dies, and falls bygravitation. This renders machines so organized uncertain in theiroperation, and worthless for the purposdesigned. X

I claim a series of rolling dies, provided with diegrooves havingenlargements therein for reception of headed blanks, and otherwiseformed, substantially as described, when arranged with reference to eachother,

and so as to operate substantially as specified.

In witness whereof I have Ahereunto set my hand this twentieth day ofJuly, A. D. eighteen hundred and sixty-six. Y

ARLDN .M. POLSEY.

Witnesses: f

J. B. Oaosr, -F. GoU'LD.

